VOCs活性炭吸附箱的燃爆原因
一、活性炭吸附箱燃爆的原因
1、 Reasons for Explosion of Activated Carbon Adsorption Box
气温较高的情况下，工况复杂的废气经过活性炭处理（吸附）过程中发热（物理和化学）。由于活性炭长时间未更换，灰分较高，床层散热较差，不利于对流散热。致使热量在床层中积聚，在其中形成局部热点。导致其温度达到活性炭的自燃点或温度达到了混合有机物气体的闪点。同时部分空气进入废气中与可燃物形成爆炸性混合气体，最终导致了事故的发生。当然静电也是一个可能的点燃源（废气流动过程中可能产生静电积聚，而活性炭颗粒之间的摩擦或与设备金属部件的接触可能产生火花）。
Under high temperature conditions, exhaust gases with complex working conditions generate heat (physically and chemically) during the process of activated carbon treatment (adsorption). Due to the long-term non replacement of activated carbon, the ash content is high and the heat dissipation in the bed is poor, which is not conducive to convective heat dissipation. Causing heat to accumulate in the bed, forming local hotspots within it. Causing its temperature to reach the self ignition point of activated carbon or the flash point of mixed organic gases. At the same time, some air entered the exhaust gas and formed an explosive mixture with combustible materials, ultimately leading to the occurrence of the accident. Of course, static electricity is also a possible ignition source (static electricity accumulation may occur during the flow of exhaust gas, while friction between activated carbon particles or contact with metal parts of equipment may generate sparks).
由于活性炭吸附是放热过程，有机（专业各类VOCs治理RTO、RCO、CO、冷凝器、喷淋塔、活性炭/树脂/沸石吸脱附等设备厂家：物的吸附和氧化会释放出大量的热量。对于某些种类成分复杂的化合物（可能会发生不相容的反应而放热），在活性炭表面上的吸附和反应会释放出大量的热量，尤其是如果废气中的化学品浓度很高时。其放热过程能否达到着火点取决于最终的热量平衡，即能否及时的将热量移走。
Due to the exothermic process of activated carbon adsorption, the adsorption and oxidation of organic compounds (such as RTO, RCO, CO, condensers, spray towers, activated carbon/resin/zeolite adsorption and desorption equipment manufacturers: will release a large amount of heat. For certain types of complex compounds (which may undergo incompatible reactions and release heat), adsorption and reaction on the surface of activated carbon will release a large amount of heat, especially if the concentration of chemicals in the exhaust gas is high. Whether the exothermic process can reach the ignition point depends on the final heat balance, that is, whether the heat can be removed in a timely manner.
而在吸附过程中，热移出的方式主要靠对流。对流不利（风量较小）的时候，热量累计，碳床中的温度将升高到其着火温度，从而导致活性炭自燃或点燃可燃废气混合物。
During the adsorption process, the main way of heat removal is through convection. When convection is unfavorable (with low air volume), heat accumulates and the temperature in the carbon bed will rise to its ignition temperature, leading to spontaneous combustion of activated carbon or ignition of combustible waste gas mixtures. picture
通过对多起活性炭吸附装置燃爆事故的分析，可以总结出以下几个共同特点：
Through the analysis of multiple incidents of combustion and explosion of activated carbon adsorption devices, the following common characteristics can be summarized:
事故容易发生在夏季高温天气：高温环境下，活性炭床层散热性能下降，热量更容易积聚，增加了燃爆风险。
Accidents are prone to occur during high temperature weather in summer: in high temperature environments, the heat dissipation performance of the activated carbon bed layer decreases, and heat is more likely to accumulate, increasing the risk of combustion and explosion.
活性炭长期未更换：长时间未更换的活性炭吸附罐中积累了大量灰分和杂质，床层散热性能进一步下降。
Long term non replacement of activated carbon: The adsorption tank of activated carbon that has not been replaced for a long time has accumulated a large amount of ash and impurities, further reducing the heat dissipation performance of the bed layer.
废气成分复杂且浓度波动大：废气成分复杂，含有多种化学物质，且浓度波动较大，增加了不相容反应和热积聚的风险。
The composition of exhaust gas is complex and the concentration fluctuates greatly: the composition of exhaust gas is complex, containing multiple chemical substances, and the concentration fluctuates greatly, increasing the risk of incompatible reactions and thermal accumulation.
低工况下废气量减少：在低工况时，废气量减少，部分空气直接进入废气中，形成爆炸性混合气体。
Reduced exhaust gas volume under low operating conditions: At low operating conditions, the exhaust gas volume decreases, and some air directly enters the exhaust gas, forming explosive mixtures.
二、预防建议
2、 Preventive advice
当我们了解了活性炭吸附装置的风险以后，可以根据实际情况，有的放矢，采取一些针对性的措施。
After understanding the risks of activated carbon adsorption devices, we can take targeted measures based on the actual situation.
总的来说还是从阻止形成燃烧三要素的角度出发，从源头设计，工程和管理措施上去发力，最终还是可以将吸附装置的风险降到可接受范围内的。
Overall, from the perspective of preventing the formation of the three elements of combustion, by focusing on source design, engineering, and management measures, the risk of adsorption devices can ultimately be reduced to an acceptable range.
以下是一些建议措施：
Here are some suggested measures:
① 对于会产生高浓度有机废气的反应罐、贮罐、过滤器等设备，为避免与氧气形成爆炸性混合物，最好采用氮封系统保护，并以正压输送方式输送到废气总管。
① For equipment such as reaction tanks, storage tanks, filters, etc. that generate high concentrations of organic waste gas, it is best to use a nitrogen sealing system for protection and transport it to the waste gas manifold under positive pressure to avoid explosive mixtures with oxygen.
② 确保有机废气的冷凝装置满足生产负荷，所有（专业各类VOCs治理RTO、RCO、CO、冷凝器、喷淋塔、活性炭/树脂/沸石吸脱附等设备厂家：樊13141458653微信同）的废气组分必须经过有效的冷凝处理，降低有机气体浓度。不相容的废气应单独预处理后再排入吸附罐中吸附处理。
② To ensure that the condensation device for organic waste gas meets the production load, all waste gas components (professional VOCs treatment RTO, RCO, CO, condenser, spray tower, activated carbon/resin/zeolite adsorption and desorption equipment manufacturer: Fan 13141458653 WeChat Tong) must undergo effective condensation treatment to reduce the concentration of organic gases. Incompatible exhaust gases should be separately pretreated before being discharged into adsorption tanks for adsorption treatment.
③ 活性炭选材：使用点火温度高，灰分低的活性炭作为吸附材料。
③ Activated carbon material selection: Use activated carbon with high ignition temperature and low ash content as the adsorbent material.
④ 条件允许的话对吸附装置进行降温。
④ If conditions permit, cool down the adsorption device.
⑤ 定期检查处理装置、废气管路是否有不完整漏风的情况，要保证管路不漏气。
⑤ Regularly inspect the treatment device and exhaust gas pipeline for incomplete air leakage, ensuring that the pipeline does not leak air.
⑥ 吸附处理装置前的废气管路安装管路阻火器（阻爆轰型）；管路上(分段)安装泄爆片，废气缓冲罐上安装泄爆板，泄爆板要有固定装置。
⑥ Install a flame arrester (explosion resistant type) in the exhaust gas pipeline before the adsorption treatment device; Install explosion-proof plates on the pipeline (in sections), and install explosion-proof plates on the waste gas buffer tank. The explosion-proof plates should have fixed devices.
⑦ 吸附装置内安装喷淋灭火装置，用来扑灭初期火灾（或者直接加装自来水管路）手动或自动开启。
⑦ Install a sprinkler fire extinguishing device inside the adsorption device to extinguish initial fires (or directly install a water pipeline) manually or automatically.
⑧ 在吸附床层安装温度探头，监测活性炭层的温度发现异常时及时处置。
⑧ Install temperature probes in the adsorption bed layer to monitor the temperature of the activated carbon layer and promptly handle any abnormalities found.
⑨ 应急反应与人员培训。培训人员发生火灾时的应急处置能力，要能及时扑灭吸附处理装置的火灾，防止火灾蔓延。
⑨ Emergency response and personnel training. The emergency response capability of training personnel in the event of a fire should be able to promptly extinguish the fire of the adsorption treatment device and prevent the spread of the fire.
本文由车间整体除尘设备友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击:http://www.sdcjtz.com真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.
This article is a friendly contribution from the workshop's overall dust removal equipment. For more related knowledge, please click: http://www.sdcjtz.com Sincere attitude. We provide you with comprehensive services. We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone. Please stay tuned
鲁公网安备 37142502000144号